Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of black spruce differ between wetland and upland forests

نویسندگان

  • Susan J. Robertson
  • Linda E. Tackaberry
  • Keith N. Egger
  • Hugues B. Massicotte
چکیده

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings were characterized from three habitats spanning a moisture gradient in central British Columbia: black spruce dominated wetlands, black spruce – tamarack wetlands, and black spruce – lodgepole pine uplands. Morphological and molecular (PCRRFLP) analyses indicated a diverse community of root-associated ECM fungi consisting of 33 morphotypes and 65 genotypes. ECM abundance varied significantly between habitats for six morphotypes. Although many occurred in all three habitats, some occurred in only one or two, and some genotypes had distributions that suggested habitat specificity across the moisture gradient. Intraspecific variation (defined as genotype variation within morphotypes) ranged from one to seven genotypes, depending on ECM morphotype. Both morphological and molecular analyses showed that ECM diversity was greater in upland than in wetland habitats and greater in black spruce – tamarack wetlands than in black spruce dominated wetlands (α ≤ 0.05). Morphological assessment captured contributions to diversity by both abundant and less abundant ECM morphotypes, whereas molecular analysis revealed patterns of genetic variation and habitat distribution at a finer resolution. The study presents the first comprehensive information on black spruce ECM and suggests that ECM community composition and richness varies across the moisture gradient in response to soil heterogeneity and alternate hosts (tamarack and lodgepole pine). Résumé : Les communautés ectomycorhiziennes (ECM) des semis d’épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) ont été caractérisées dans trois habitats couvrant un gradient d’humidité dans le centre de la Colombie-Britannique : les terres humides dominées par l’épinette noire, les terres humides dominées par l’épinette noire et le mélèze et les hautes terres dominées par l’épinette noire et le pin lodgepole. Des analyses morphologiques et moléculaires (PCR-RFLP) ont révélé qu’il existait une communauté diversifiée de champignons ECM associés aux racines comprenant 33 morphotypes et 65 génotypes. L’abondance de six morphotypes d’ECM variait significativement selon l’habitat. Bien que plusieurs morphotypes aient été présents dans les trois habitats, certains étaient présents dans seulement un ou deux habitats et la distribution de certains génotypes suggérait qu’ils étaient spécifiques à un des habitats couvrant le gradient d’humidité. La variation intraspécifique (définie comme la variation du génotype dans un morphotype) allait de un à sept génotypes dépendamment du morphotype. Tant les analyses morphologiques que moléculaires ont montré que la diversité des ECM était la plus grande sur les hautes terres comparativement aux terres humides et plus grande sur les terres humides dominées par l’épinette noire et le mélèze que celles dominées par l’épinette noire (α ≤ 0,05). L’évaluation morphologique a permis de détecter la contribution à la diversité tant des morphotypes d’ECM abondants que moins abondants alors que l’analyse moléculaire a révélé les patrons de variation génétique et de distribution des habitats avec une meilleure résolution. Cette étude présente les premières informations détaillées sur les ECM de l’épinette noire et indique que la composition et la richesse de la communauté d’ECM varient en fonction du gradient d’humidité en réponse à l’hétérogénéité du sol et aux hôtes alternes (mélèze et pin lodgepole). [Traduit par la Rédaction] Robertson et al. 985

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تاریخ انتشار 2006